The Name behind the Jewel: Sri Lanka’s Origin
To dive into the captivating history of Sri Lanka, let’s first explore the etymology behind its name. Originally known as “Lanka,” a term meaning ‘island,’ it was referred to as “Taprobane” by the Greeks and “Serendib” by the Arabs. The Portuguese called it “Celao,” while the Dutch called it “Ceylan.” Finally, the British termed it as “Ceylon” before the country reverted to its original name, Lanka, in 1972. The addition of ‘Sri,’ meaning ‘resplendent,’ gives birth to the name Sri Lanka, or the “Resplendent Island.” Renowned for its wealth of gems, aromatic spices, including the famous cinnamon, and majestic elephants, Sri Lanka has captivated merchants for countless centuries. A testament to ethnic and cultural fusion, this nation thrives on its colorful past, transcending conflicts that have shaped its destiny.
Embarking on a Timeless Journey
Unearth the remnants of Sri Lanka’s vibrant history that still echo through the crumbling temples and fortresses dotting the landscape. According to sacred texts, the Sinhalese, descendants of the lion-hearted, Indo-Aryan settlers, embarked on their voyage from North India during the 5th century BC. Led by Prince Vijaya, they arrived on the island’s western coast, establishing a firm foundation for the nation. The Tamil people, of Dravidian origin, likely immigrated to Sri Lanka between the 3rd century BC and 1200 AD, settling in its central, eastern, and southern regions.
A Brush with Destiny: Conflicts and Cultural Flourishing
During the 3rd century, Mahinda, the son of the Indian Emperor Ashoka, embraced Buddhism and embarked on a sacred mission to Sri Lanka. Accompanied by a group of monks, they spread the profound teachings of the Buddha across the land. The arrival of Mahinda’s sister, Sangamitta, was marked by the planting of a sapling from the sacred tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment in India. This sacred ficus tree remains revered in Anuradhapura, which became the first capital of the Sinhalese kingdoms in the 4th century. Despite enduring relentless conflicts with South India, Anuradhapura boasted a glorious reign until the 10th century. Today, it stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site—its well-preserved ruins a testament to a bygone era. The Sinhalese eventually prevailed over their Tamil counterparts, establishing their cultural and religious supremacy. Buddhism flourished, giving rise to the construction of awe-inspiring temples and monuments, as well as the creation of vast reservoirs for irrigation. While Buddhism faded in India, it still thrived in Ceylon, as Sri Lanka was then known.
As Tamil pressure intensified, the Sinhalese capitals gradually shifted southward. The 11th century saw Polonnaruwa ascending as the new capital, followed by Kandy in the 13th century. These cities served as important milestones in Sri Lanka’s historical trajectory.
European Intricacies and the Ravages of War
In 1505, the Portuguese set foot on Sri Lankan soil, followed by the Dutch a century later. Finally, the British assumed control in 1796 until Sri Lanka gained independence in 1948. Under British rule, the nation experienced a transformative period. Governors dispatched by London established vital administrative systems, constructed extensive road and railway networks, and fostered the cultivation of coffee before transitioning to tea—ultimately becoming the country’s key economic resource. Seeking employment in the tea plantations, Tamil laborers from South India migrated to Sri Lanka’s central regions. However, from 1983 onwards, inter-ethnic violence between the Sinhalese and Tamils plunged the nation into turmoil. The conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) spanned 25 years, only ending in 2009 under President Rajapakse’s leadership. The northern and eastern regions of the country bore witness to the brutal clashes that left an indelible mark on Sri Lanka’s history. Then, in 2004, a devastating tsunami, triggered by the Indian Ocean earthquake, wreaked havoc along the south and east coasts of Sri Lanka, claiming over 30,000 lives.
A Journey Towards Stability and Progress
Today, after a tumultuous past, Sri Lanka has emerged as a beacon of stability, rapidly rebuilding and forging ahead. The country is experiencing a remarkable economic boom, with the tourism sector playing a significant role. Enjoying favorable relations with both China and India, Sri Lanka holds a crucial position in the regional economy. Boasting eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites, breathtaking beaches, and abundant wildlife, this “Resplendent Island” beckons travelers to discover its hidden historical treasures.
To explore the wonders of Sri Lanka, visit DHPL Travels for an unforgettable voyage that will transport you through time and captivate your senses.