Sri Lanka, also known as “the teardrop of India,” is a captivating island with a rich cultural heritage and a long history. UNESCO has recognized eight remarkable World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka, including two natural landmarks and several cultural treasures.
Ancient City of Sigiriya
The first World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka is the Ancient City of Sigiriya. Constructed by King Kasyapa in the 5th Century, this rock fortress and palace are often referred to as “The Lion Rock.” The entrance to the palace is shaped like an enormous lion, explaining its name. The palace atop the flat summit is adorned with vibrant frescoes, which are a major attraction for visitors. Additionally, Sigiriya boasts some of the world’s oldest landscaped gardens and a mirror wall with ancient verses dating back to the 8th century.
Top Tip: Climbing Sigiriya Rock is not for the faint of heart, as you will encounter large rock structures along the way.
Sacred City of Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura, considered the birthplace of ancient Sri Lankan civilization, holds immense significance as the sacred center of Buddhism on the island. Visitors are drawn to the well-preserved ruins of ancient palaces, monasteries, and monuments. The city is also home to the revered 2,000-year-old Bo Tree, grown from a sapling of the Bhodi tree under which Lord Buddha achieved enlightenment. Anuradhapura stands as one of the world’s foremost archaeological sites, boasting a vast collection of unearthed Buddha relics.
Top Tip: The ruins of Anuradhapura are scattered, so it’s advisable to plan your visit to select the most significant sites.
Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa, the second oldest kingdom in Sri Lanka after Anuradhapura, offers a unique experience with its splendid medieval architecture, remarkable art, and well-preserved ancient city. This archaeological relic site is renowned for its exceptional planning, featuring Brahmanic monuments built by the Cholas and the ruins of a magnificent garden city constructed by Parakramabahu I in the 12th century.
Top Tip: Polonnaruwa is more compact, making it ideal for exploring by bike or being prepared for a 6-10 kilometer walk.
Sacred City of Kandy
Kandy, known as Sri Lanka’s cultural capital, is home to the revered Temple of the Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha. This holy shrine is a significant pilgrimage site for Buddhists. If you visit in July or August, you’ll have the opportunity to witness the grand Kandy Esala Perehera, an annual ritual celebrated at the Sacred Tooth Temple. Surrounded by lush tea plantations and nestled amidst forested hills, Kandy is not just culturally significant but also holds breathtaking natural beauty.
Top Tip: The rail journey from Colombo to Kandy is highly recommended, allowing you to enjoy the scenic beauty and catch a cultural dance performance.
Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications
Situated on the south coast, Galle is a historic city and port that showcases a fascinating blend of European architecture and South Asian traditions. The Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications, built by European powers, features two main gates adorned with the Dutch and British Coat of Arms. The streets are lined with houses displaying art decorations from the Dutch and British periods, many of which have been transformed into charming boutique shops and guest houses. Major attractions within the fort area include the Dutch Reformed Church, the National Maritime Museum, the Old Dutch Hospital, and the New Orient Hotel.
Top Tip: Catching a view of the old town from atop the fortress walls at dusk is a truly magical experience.
Sinharaja Forest Reserve
Translated as the “Kingdom of the Lion,” Sinharaja Forest Reserve is a vital national park in Sri Lanka. Designated as a Biosphere Reserve, it plays a crucial role in preserving the island’s ecosystem. Sinharaja is a haven for rare endemic species, including mammals, butterflies, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. The dense vegetation makes wildlife spotting a challenge, but the best time to visit is during the drier months of August to September and January to early April.
Top Tip: Keep in mind that spotting animals in the dense vegetation can be difficult, so plan your visit accordingly.
Golden Temple of Dambulla
The Golden Temple of Dambulla, also known as the Dambulla Cave Temple, is the largest and best-preserved cave temple complex in Sri Lanka. Dating back to the 1st century BC, it consists of five caves and 157 statues of Lord Buddha. The temple’s ceilings and walls are adorned with intricate and delicate paintings, creating a visually stunning experience. The historical, archaeological, and artistic significance of this site makes it an absolute must-visit.
Top Tip: Remember to remove your shoes before entering the main cave area, or consider wearing socks for added comfort.
Central Highlands of Sri Lanka
The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka, the newest addition to the World Heritage Sites list, comprise three protected areas: the Peak Wilderness Protected Area, the Horton Plains National Park, and the Knuckles Conservation Forest. The highest point in this region is Adam’s Peak, a renowned pilgrimage site for Buddhists. The Central Highlands are a biodiversity hotspot, boasting a wide range of endemic species. Several endangered species, such as the western-purple-faced langur, the slender loris, and the Sri Lankan leopard, find refuge in this area.
Top Tip: The central highlands offer a pleasantly cool and relatively dry climate between January and April.
If these remarkable World Heritage Sites have piqued your interest in visiting Sri Lanka, DHPL Travels can help you plan an unforgettable trip. Contact us at [email protected] for professional suggestions tailored to your preferences. Discover the wonders of Sri Lanka with DHPL Travels!
